Blood physiology is an elective module (lectures and laboratory) addressed to the students of master programme in Biotechnology. The aim of the course is providing current knowledge about the human blood and circulatory system in both physiological and pathological conditions including the mechanisms causing selected hematological disorders, namely: (a) developing skills in understanding blood rheology properties and hemodynamics as well as their modifications by internal and external factors, (b) presenting pre- and postnatal hematopoiesis with characteristics of multipotent hematopoietic cells and their niches, (c) describing hematopoietic disorder types, symptoms, and causes, (d) presenting autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantations and overview of risks, (e) describing human red blood cell as a cell model for screening of biological activity of natural and synthetic compounds including nanomaterials, (f) demonstrating the use of human erythrocytes as biocompatible drug carriers and bioreactors, (f) explaining the blood banking problems and presenting current perspectives of artificial blood substitutes.